orbital perturbations in satellite communication

2.3 Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion 23 2.2 Achieving a Stable Orbit. In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet. II. 1- Orbital Mechanics •Orbital Perturbations and Determination •Analytical and Numerical theory of orbits... •Satellite orbits from precise tracking data •Orbital Plane and Satellite Position in the Orbit •Orbital Maneuver ... •Satellite Communication advantages and disadvantages These close encounters produce very large perturbations of orbits of the Galilean satellites. Celestial mechanics - Celestial mechanics - Examples of perturbations: Some of the variations in the orbital parameters caused by perturbations can be understood in simple terms. The orbital parameters of 1984-106A have been determined at 43 epochs, during which time the satellite was close to 14th order resonance. 5. 2. WHAT ARE THE ORBITAL PARAMETERS?  Orbital elements of a satellite are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit.  In astronomy and orbital mechanics, there are overall six parameters used to define an orbit. These are:- i. Semi-major axis (a) ii. Eccentricity (e) iii. Inclination or tilt (i) iv. For many Earth satellites, the effects of the non-Keplerian forces (orbital perturbation analysis is the activity of determining why a satellite’s orbit differs from the mathematical ideal orbit. 4.24. orbital parameters: Apogee: A point for a satellite farthest from the Earth. Figure 4 shows orbital perturbations of the Galilean satellites in Case 2. (2) 1.5 Summary. Fig 1.2: Satellite communication system Page |3 1.2.2 Early days of Satellite Communication: Today's satellite communications can trace their origins all the way back to the Moon. {Ans. Historical background, Basic concepts, Freguency allocation for satellite services, orbital & spacecraft problems, comparision of networks and services, modulation techniques used for satellite communication. 2 Satellite Orbits Learning Objectives After completing this chapter you will be able to understand: y Kepler’s laws. ... PART 3: APPLICATIONS TO SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS. The higher the altitude, the further it has to travel around the Earth and the longer it thus takes. These forces are the gravitational forces of Sun and Moon along with the … 2 Orbital Mechanics and Launchers 17. INTRODUCTION TO ORBITAL PERTURBATIONS The perturbing sources … Contacts: 3L. TOPIC 2 Orbital Aspects and Launching Contents . Orbital Perturbations. ECE 5233 Satellite Communications. 2.3 Kepler’s Three Laws of Planetary Motion 23 Communication through USN will also be tested to confirm reliable data transfer and signal strength 6. On-going mutual perturbations of the planets cause long-term quasi-periodic variations in their orbital elements, most apparent when two planets' orbital periods are nearly in sync. Orbital Perturbations: Theoretically, an orbit described by Kepler is ideal as Earth is considered to be a perfect sphere and the force acting around the Earth is the centrifugal force. This force is supposed to balance the gravitational pull of the earth. In reality, other forces also play an important role and affect the motion of the satellite. Effect of sun and moon The SGP4 orbit propagator accounts for secular and periodic orbital perturbations caused by Earth's geometry and atmospheric drag, and is applicable to near-Earth satellites whose orbital period is less than 225 minutes. 1.6 Organization of This Book . The design of a digital satellite link is discussed in detail, including link budgets, 1.4 Overview of Satellite Communications 11. Perturbation, in astronomy, a disturbance in the orbit or motion of a heavenly body. Main external perturbations come from Sun and Moon. Keywords: Orbits, Geosynchronous, Perturbations, Station-Keeping, Communications. Solar radiation pressure. 2.4 Describing the Orbit of a Satellite Geo stationary: A geostationary orbit is one in which a satellite orbits the earth at exactly the same speed as the earth turns and at the same latitude, specifically zero, the latitude of the equator. Effect of sun and moon. Station Keeping: In addition to having its attitude controlled, it is important that a geo- stationary satellite be kept in its correct orbital slot. To analyze the various methods of satellite access. In astrodynamics, orbital station-keeping is keeping a spacecraft at a fixed distance from another spacecraft. View Orbit perturbations.pdf from AEROSPACE AE49004 at Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. For real-time communications, the shorter the transmission delay, the better will be the communication system. It is the major axis of the orbit. IV. When a satellite is near to these external bodies, it receives a stronger gravitational pull. 3. Prepared by: Dr. Ivica Kostanic Lecture 5: Orbital perturbations, launch and orbital effects (Section 2.3-2.6) Spring 2014 Outline Orbital perturbations Launches and launch vehicles Placing a satellite in a geo-stationary orbit Orbital effects Examples. When a satellite is near to these external bodies, it receives a stronger gravitational pull. 2.1 Introduction. 5. Low-orbit satellites get affected due to friction caused by collision with atoms and ions. We know that Communication refers to the exchange (sharing) of information between two or more entities, through any medium or channel. Important note: Slides present summary of the results. Algorithm 3 Swarm Orbital Construction Algorithm (SOCA) 1: k0 = 0 2: while k0 ≤ T do 3: for all … 5. Equation 11 is used to determine the orbital period T of a satellite. In this case, we have nine encounters with dmin < 0.05 AU and two encounters with dmin < 0.02 AU. View Chapter 2 - Satellite Communication.pdf from FTK BETT 3363 at Technical University of Malaysia, Melaka. I. Main external perturbations come from Sun and Moon. This continues in a loop until the final time is reached. More recently, alternative satellite orbits have been seen to have distinct advantages and have found increasing use. Figure 4 shows orbital perturbations of the Galilean satellites in Case 2. orbital effects in satellite communication ppt. Chapter-02.indd 25 9/3/2009 11:09:29 AM In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved trajectory of an object, such as the trajectory of a planet around a star or a natural satellite around a planet. 1.6 Organization of This Book 15. Simplified General Perturbations Theory #4 (SGP4) analytic orbital theory and its associated two-line element set (TLE). A satellite in a circular, sun-synchronous low earth orbit passes over the same point on the equator once each day, at 12 o’clock noon. Few satellites have an orbital period which is a simple fraction of one day, the geostationary satellites being the obvious exception. Course Contents • Overview of Satellite Systems • Orbits & Launching Methods • Orbital Mechanics • Orbital Perturbations • Satellite Visibility • Radio Wave Propagation • Polarization • Antenna • Link Budget • Interference • Channel Characterization P 2 a3 The orbital period P is defined as the time, the orbiting body takes to returnto the same reference point in space with respect to the inertial space. y Determination of orbital parameters. Credits: 3. Satellite Communication 1 In general terms, a satellite is a smaller object that revolves around a larger object in space. It is denoted as hp. Kepler‟s Laws, Newton‟s law, orbital parameters, orbital perturbations, station keeping, geo stationary and non Geo-stationary orbits – Look Angle Determination- Limits of visibility –eclipse-Sub satellite point –Sun transit outage-Launching Procedures - launch vehicles and propulsion. A new analysis is presented, which results in simple estimates of orbital stability as a function of lunar perturbations. 19. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating trajectory, although it may also refer to a non-repeating trajectory. Chapter-02.indd 25 9/3/2009 11:09:29 AM It requires a series of orbital maneuvers made with thruster burns to keep the active craft in the same orbit as its target. 34, pp. 1.2 A Brief History of Satellite Communications 5. Orbital Perturbations: Theoretically, an orbit described by Kepler is ideal as Earth is considered to be a perfect sphere and the force acting around the Earth is the centrifugal force. The deviation of the satellite from the predetermined path due to external disturbances is known as orbital perturbation. Thus, very general satellite communication orbits (altitude range 3000 to 250,000 nautical miles) can be analyzed with little additional CPU time. For satellites in GEO and below, the J 2 perturbations dominate; for satellites above GEO the Sun and Moon perturbations dominate. Orbital perturbation may refer to: Perturbation (astronomy), the classical approach to the many-body problem of astronomy Orbital perturbation analysis (spacecraft), the activity of determining why a satellite's orbit differs from the mathematical ideal orbit This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Orbital perturbation. D We know that Communication refers to the exchange (sharing) of information between two or more entities, through any medium or channel. In reality, other forces also play an important role and affect the motion of the satellite. Earth’s magnetic field too causes orbital perturbations. 2. Tutorial Satellite Communication By Kamran Ahmed ([email protected]) 2. The spacecraft will remain in the parking orbit for two complete orbital revolutions before starting its final journey to the Moon on the transfer orbit. It is denoted as ha. Frequency Allocation for Satellite Communication Band Uplink (GHz) Downlink (GHz) C 6 4 Ku 14 12 Ka 30 20 X 8.2 7.5 S 40 20 Q 44 21 L 1.525 to 1.559 1.626 to 1.660 •First satellite launched into space: Sputnik (1957). This conditions occurs when the term 4-5sin 2 i is equal to zero or, that is, when the inclination is either 63.4 or 116.6 degrees. Perturbation Definition: a deviation of a system, moving object, or process from its regular or normal state or path, caused by an outside influence. 1.2 A Brief History of Satellite Communications 5. 1.4 Overview of Satellite Communications 11. UNIT II ORBITAL MECHANICS AND LAUNCHERS [1]: Orbital Mechanics, Look Angle determination, Orbital perturbations, Orbit determination, launches and launch vehicles, Orbital effects in communication systems performance. Satellite communication (a tutorial) 1. 1.5 Summary 14. Satellite Communication & Remote Sensing. 2.1 Introduction 17. The equatorial ellipticity of the earth causes geostationary satellites to drift slowly along the orbit, to one of two stable points, at … Understand the basics of satellite orbits simple estimates of orbital stability as a of., perturbations, Station-Keeping, Communications of one day, the effects of forces... Digital Communication OBJECTIVES: to understand: y Kepler ’ s magnetic field too causes orbital perturbations ; ;... The gravitational pull of the results perturbation are: - i. Semi-major axis ( a ) ii the delay... Have nine encounters with dmin < 0.05 AU and two encounters with dmin < 0.05 and! 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